For such a tiny country – the smallest in North Africa – Tunisia packs a lot in. It is a truly kaleidoscopic nation, ranging from Mediterranean beaches to the Sahara desert, from ancient souks to Star Wars film locations. This Arab-Berber nation is one of the most liberal in the Islamic world; alcohol is freely available and women need not feel intimidated.

The capital, Tunis, reflects the country’s diversity. Its French colonial past has a far-reaching influence (it only gained independence in 1956), most obviously in its cuisine that blends sophisticated French styles with Arab spice. Older history is evident in the remains of what was Roman Carthage, while the Roman ruins at Dougga and El Jem are some of the finest in Africa.

Despite its location, edging the Sahara, Tunisia is a surprisingly fertile land. It has six national parks; that around Lac Ichkeul is one of only two UNESCO-protected Biosphere Reserves in the world. If you are feeling energetic, the view from the near-deserted village of Takrouna over the mountainous north is stunning. Alternatively, visit a central desert oasis like Zaafrane, Tozeur or Kebili with its hot pools. Finally, when you tire of culture, history and nature, simply lie on the beach and relax at some point along its 1,400km (875 miles) stretch of Mediterranean coastline.

Since independence, Tunisia, first under the 30-year rule of Habib Bourgiba, and now under a government led by Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, currently in his fourth five-year term as president, has pursued a policy aimed at prevention of Islamic fundamentalism. It is also one of the most advanced Arab nations in terms of women’s rights, and has by far the most successful economy in the region. This is bolstered by an annual influx of millions of tourists.

Mike Gerrard

163,610 sq km (63,170 sq miles).

10.7 million (official estimate 2005).

63 per sq km.

Tunis. Population: 2 million (UN estimate 2003).

Republic since 1959. Gained independence from France in 1956.

The official language is Arabic. French is the second language, Italian is spoken in major cities, and English and German mainly in tourist resorts.

The principal religion is Islam; there are small Roman Catholic, Protestant and Jewish minorities.

GMT + 1.

Arabic in culture and tradition, Tunisia is nevertheless one of the more liberal and tolerant Muslim countries. The nomadic Bedouin still follow their traditional way of life in the southern desert. The Tunisians’ varied origins are shown in the architecture, crafts, music and regional folk dances. Tunisia has also developed an international reputation as an intellectual and cultural centre. Shaking hands is the usual form of greeting. Hospitality is very important and a small gift in appreciation of hospitality or as a token of friendship is always appreciated. Dress can be informal but should respect the conventions of Islam when visiting religious monuments, ie shoulders and knees must be covered. Outside tourist resorts, scanty beachwear should not be worn.

220/110 volts AC, 50Hz. A two-pin continental plug/adaptor is needed.

Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi since 1999.

President Zine Al-Abidine Ben Ali since 1987.