Destination
Chad

 
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Overview

There is much to recommend in Chad. Its capital, N’Djamena, is a friendly and laid-back city with a wonderful Central Market, where the whole experience of haggling for African produce is exceptionally good fun.

Lake Chad, once one of the largest freshwater lakes in the world, is still a serene sight to behold, despite its gradual shrinkage due to climate change and increased demands. It is still of huge economic importance, providing water to millions of people in surrounding countries. Indeed, Chad itself, although one of the poorest of Africa’s nations, is still geographically staggering, ranging from desert in the north to fertile farmland in the south.

Chad was first defined as a national territory in 1910, as one of the four making up French Equatorial Africa. Chad achieved independence in 1960 with François Tombalbaye, leader of the Parti Progressiste Tchadien (PPT), as prime minister. Its history since then has been characterised by political instability and tensions, largely due to religious and cultural divisions between the Muslim north and Christian/animist south - a pattern that may be found in many other African countries, including Nigeria and Sudan.

 
eneral Information
 
Area

1,284,000 sq km (495,800 sq miles).

 
Population

8.6 million (2003).

 
Population Density

6.7 per sq km.

 
Capital

N’Djaména. Population: 700,000.

 
Government

Republic. Gained independence from France in 1960.

 
Language

The official languages are French and Arabic. Other widely spoken African languages include Sara (in the south). The territory’s boundaries enclose a small but highly diverse population.

 
Religion

50% Muslim, 35% Christian, 15% animist and other.

 
Time

 
Social Conventions

Chadians are a relaxed and friendly people, but respect for traditional beliefs and customs is expected. Dress is informal but conservative in respect of Muslim laws. There is strict segregation of women in the Muslim areas. It is customary to shake hands. The left hand should never be used for offering or accepting food, nor should the sole of the foot be exposed in the presence of a Muslim. Identification should be carried at all times; failure to do so may result in detention by police.

Photography: It is necessary to obtain a permit from the Ministry of Information in order to take photographs. Photographing military sites, airports and official buildings is prohibited. Other photography requires a Government permit.

 
Electricity

220 volts AC, 50Hz. Round two-pin plug.

 
Head of Government

Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye since February 2007.

 
Head of State

President Idriss Déby since 1990.