Benin, formerly known as Dahomey, was one of the first countries in the 1990s to successfully effect the transition from dictatorship to a pluralistic political system. Today, it is one of the most stable countries in Africa.

Although Benin has seen economic growth over the past few years and has a high standing with the international community, it remains among the world’s poorest countries. Within West Africa, Benin enjoys stable relations with Nigeria, the main regional power. The only significant problem has been a long-running border dispute with Benin’s northern neighbour, Niger, over ownership of islands in the Niger River. This was finally resolved by the International Court of Justice in July 2005, which awarded 16 islands to Niger and nine to Benin. Both countries accepted the ruling.

112,622 sq km (43,484 sq miles).

7.1 million (UN estimate 2005).

63.4 per sq km.

Porto Novo (administrative). Population: 223,600 (2002). (Cotonou is the economic capital with an estimated population of 828,000 in 2003.)

Republic. Gained independence from France in 1960.

The official language is French. However, many ethnic groups have their own languages: Bariba and Fulani are spoken in the north, Fon and Yoruba in the south. Some English is also spoken.

35% animist/traditional, 35% Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) and the majority of the rest are Muslim.

GMT + 1.

Normal courtesies are appreciated; it is customary to shake hands on arrival and departure. However, religious beliefs play a large part in society and these should be respected. Voodoo is perhaps the most striking and best-known practice, and has acquired considerable social and political power. Only priests can communicate with voodoos and spirits of the dead. If travelling, it is advisable to clear itineraries with district or provincial authorities. Casual wear is acceptable in most places.

220 volts AC, 50Hz.

President Yayi Boni since 2006.